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Essentialism is centered around the belief that education should prioritize core knowledge and essential intellectual skills that are fundamental to a well-rounded education. This philosophy posits that there are specific, essential subjects and skills—particularly in the areas of reading, writing, mathematics, and traditional subjects such as history and science—that every student should learn. By focusing on these foundational aspects, Essentialism aims to prepare students to become productive members of society who possess the critical thinking and problem-solving skills necessary for success.

The emphasis on core knowledge ensures that students acquire a rigorous and structured education, which is seen as critical for both individual development and societal advancement. This approach contrasts with educational philosophies that might prioritize social issues, collaboration, or technology as the main focus of learning, highlighting the distinctive priorities of Essentialism within the wider educational landscape.